Course 07: Surgical Management of Vascular Malformations of the Head and Neck Quiz

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Question 1 of 10

1. Question
Concerning arterio-venous malformations, which of the following statements is true?
- Focal AVM’s can sometimes be completely removed.
- Embolization is often curative.
- Sirolimus is usually helpful in treating AVM’s and should be used as a firstline treatment.
- Pre-operative embolization is not helpful because intraoperative bleeding is rarely problemantic.
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Question 2 of 10

2. Question
A 3-year old presents with an extensive cervicofacial mixed macrocystic/microcystic lymphatic malformation. This patient should be treated in the following way:
- A staged surgical approach should be undertaken.
- An aggressive program of transcutaneous direct stick embolization should be started.
- The child should be considered for a course of Rapamycin.
- No treatment should be recommended.
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Question 3 of 10

3. Question
A 12-year old presents with a macrocystic cervical lymphatic malformation. He has had multiple rounds of direct stick embolization but has seen little or no response. A reasonable next step would be:
- Repeat the MRI to check the accuracy of the diagnosis.
- Repeat sclerotherapy, but with a different agent.
- Consider surgical resection of the lesion.
- Consider starting Sirolimus.
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Question 4 of 10

4. Question
A 6-year old presents with an extensive craniofacial lymphatic malformation and glossoptosis that has been present since birth. The correct approach should be:
- Start the child on Rapamycin immediately.
- Start the child on a course of Sildenifil.
- Schedule the child for a surgical tongue reduction procedure.
- Determine whether or not the glossoptosis is due to macroglossia, floor of mouth disease, or both.
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Question 5 of 10

5. Question
Which of the following is NOT part of differential diagnosis of a mid-face vascular mass?
- Venous malformation.
- Arteriovenous malformation .
- Warthin’s tumor
- Hemangioma ,
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Question 6 of 10

6. Question
Which of the following are not anatomic spaces of the mid-face?
- Submandibular space
- Buccal fat space
- Masseteric space
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Question 7 of 10

7. Question
Concerning venous malformations, which of the following statements is incorrect?
- Surgery can be used as a single modality of treatment on some occasions.
- A multidisciplinary approach is always preferable to management planning.
- Compound lesions should only be treated with surgery.
- Direct stick embolization is a useful treatment modality.
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Question 8 of 10

8. Question
Which of the following statements is correct?
- A Nd:YAG laser is useful in treating the superficial component of a venous malformation .
- A Nd:YAG laser with a surface-cooling device should be used to treat the deep component of a venous malformation pre-operatively.
- A pulsed dye laser is useful in treatment the deep component of an AVM.
- A Nd:YAG laser is useful for treating lymphatic malformations because the lymph component of an LM preferentially absorbs near infrared light
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Question 9 of 10

9. Question
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
- An arteriovenous malformation is made up of a nidus surrounded by secondary changes.
- It is almost always necessary to embolize and AVM preoperatively to minimize operative blood loss.
- The primary object of treatment is to improve quality of life.
- In order to cure an AVM, it is necessary to remove both the nidus and the secondary changes.
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Question 10 of 10

10. Question
The lifetime dose of Bleomycin should be less than:
- 200 mg
- 250 mg
- 400 mg
- There is no limit in the amount of Bleomycin that a patient can receive.
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Course 07: Surgical Management of Vascular Malformations of the Head and Neck Quiz

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